During the start of the Swedish invasion of Russia, Charles XII of Sweden was informed of Peter I's presence at the town of Grodno and immediately marched there with his vanguard of approx 800 men.

On his arrival, the Swedish king charged with his cavalry in a surprise to drive the Russians away.

After a short but fierce fight which had cost them some 100 killed and 50 captured, the Russians guarding the bridge retreated into the town.

Shocked by the news of a sudden Swedish attack, Peter I, who was said to have been in danger of capture, ordered a retreat to Berezina with his army, leaving Grodno defenseless for Charles to enter only two hours later.

As night fell and the soldiers were sleeping, the Russians reached the gates of Grodno, but were halted by the 30 men guarding there.