The Battle of Rajovka took place on 20 September 1708 near Rayevka, Smolensk [ru] during the Swedish invasion of Russia in the Great Northern War.

After having fought the battle of Malatitze the victorious Swedish army marched towards Tatarsk (Smolensk Oblast) in order to fight the Russians under tsar Peter I.

To draw their attention towards himself, rather than the supply convoy under general Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt which Charles presumed was close, he decided to force the Russians away.

[4] Charles XII achieved his goals with the battle, having forced Bauer away from the southern bank of Horodnia, and Lewenhaupt's convoy.

On 25 September, with no news from the convoy and no hopes of reaching Moscow without it, Charles XII instead marched his hungry army into fertile Ukraine.