Battle of Ihtiman

[1] The exact location is not known, but in an anonymous Bulgarian chronicle, it is mentioned that the armies of Michail Asen engaged the invading forces before they could reach Sofia.

However, the very fact that the new armed force was commanded by the crown prince of the Bulgarian kingdom means that it was not entrusted with random fighters, but experienced and well-equipped soldiers.

[3] At Sofia, the Bulgarian heir to the throne died, but his self-sacrifice in the name of his compatriots was not entirely in vain - it took the Ottomans almost twenty years to decide again on a risky campaign against Bulgaria.

The son of the Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Alexander, Michail Asen, summoned an army to stop the advancing enemy.

[citation needed] The Ottoman forces suffered heavy losses in the battle and were unable to launch an offensive against Sofia.