The Levant Egypt North Africa Anatolia & Constantinople Border conflicts Sicily and Southern Italy Naval warfare Byzantine reconquest The Battle of Sebastopolis was fought at Sebastopolis (mostly identified with Elaiussa Sebaste in Cilicia but also with modern Sulusaray) in 692 CE between the Byzantine Empire and the Umayyad Caliphate under Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.
The Umayyad army was led by Muhammad ibn Marwan.
The Byzantines were led by Leontios and included a "special army" of 30,000 Bulgars under their leader, Neboulos.
The Umayyads, incensed at the breaking of the treaty, used copies of its texts in the place of a flag.
[2][3][4] One source states that the Emperor Justinian II massacred the remaining Slavs, including women and children, at the Gulf of Nicomedia,[3] but modern scholars do not consider it a reliable account.