The island group and adjoined submerged reef are composed of Bridgewater Formation calcareous sandstone.

[7] As of 1996, the other species present on the northern islet as of 1996 included Bower Spinach, Austral Seablite, Southern Sea-heath, a single bush of African Boxthorn and possibly Variable Groundsel.

A feral pigeon control program was undertaken during 1982 and 1983 with assistance from the South East Field and Game Association.

[11] However, the anthropologist Norman Tindale did state in 1941 that on the basis of a partial translation of a song recorded in 1937 that Baudin Rocks may be of cultural significance to the Baundik people of the lower south east of South Australia particularly in respect to a legend known as 'the Emu and the Native Companion'.

[13][14] In 1831, John Hart, then the master of the schooner Elizabeth and later a Premier of South Australia, left a man on Baudin Rocks to carry out sealing.

[16] Baudin Rocks is one of the island sites from which guano was mined under licence from the South Australian Government prior to 1919.