[4] The plaintiffs alleged that the agency was practicing racial discrimination in its salary decisions, violating Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The courts argued that the plaintiffs' regression analysis, which was used to demonstrate the wage gap, was insufficient because it did not account for all possible factors influencing salary.

[1] The Court held that a regression analysis does not need to include every conceivable variable to be admissible as evidence of discrimination.

It has clarified the standards for statistical evidence in such cases, making it easier for plaintiffs to prove discrimination.

[5][6] The case has been cited in numerous subsequent court decisions and has influenced the development of employment law in the United States.