Belgium sent 32 athletes to the 2006 European Athletics Championships, which is a very big delegation for Belgium, as they only once sent more athletes, 44 to the 1950 European Athletics Championships.

The most important names were Kim Gevaert, Tia Hellebaut and Cédric Van Branteghem.

100m: Erik Wijmeersch 200m: Kristof Beyens 400m: Cédric Van Branteghem 800m: Thomas Matthys 1,500m: Tim Clerbout, Matthieu Vandiest 5,000m: Tom Compernolle, Monder Rizki, Tom Van Hooste 10,000m: Monder Rizki, Jesse Stroobants, Willem Van Hoof 3,000m Steeplechase: Pieter Desmet 110m Hurdles: Jonathan N'Senga 4 × 100 m Relay: Kristof Beyens, Nathan Bongelo, Xavier De Baerdemaker, Tom Schippers, Erik Wijmeersch[1] Pole Vault: Kevin Rans Triple Jump: Michael Velter Decathlon: François Gourmet 100m: Kim Gevaert 200m: Olivia Borlée, Kim Gevaert, Hanna Mariën 5,000m: Nathalie De Vos 10,000m: Fatiha Baouf, Nathalie De Vos, Anja Smolders 3,000m Steeplechase: Veerle Dejaeghere 100m Hurdles: Eline Berings 4 × 100 m Relay: Olivia Borlée, Elizabeth Davin, Kim Gevaert, Hanna Mariën, Élodie Ouédraogo, Frauke Penen.

High Jump: Tia Hellebaut