Turkey sent 15 athletes, among them 8 women, to the 2006 European Athletics Championships held between August 7 and August 13, 2006 in Gothenburg, Sweden.

It won 1 bronze medal.

[1] Elvan Abeylegesse won the bronze medal in the women's 5000 meter race.

List of Turkey's all results, including the performances in qualifications, quarter-finals and semi-finals.

R1: Round 1, Q: Qualification, SF: Semi-final, F: Final DNF: Did not finish, PB: Personal best, SB: Seasonal best