On television, he portrayed Sam Colby in Twin Peaks: The Return (2017), and played John Schlafly in the Hulu limited series Mrs. America.

Rosenfeld's first role on the Off-Broadway stage was as Max in the adaptation of the Ingmar Bergman film Through a Glass Darkly at the Atlantic Theater Company.

He has since acted in Jennifer Haley's science fiction play The Nether (2015), and Simon Stephens' family drama On the Shore of the Wide World (2017).

[5] In 2011, Rosenfield made his stage debut in the Off-Broadway production of the play Through a Glass Darkly, alongside Carey Mulligan and Chris Sarandon.

[8] The following year, he starred as Tommie Scheel in the documentary film Teenage, and joined the cast of Boardwalk Empire in the recurring role of Willie Thompson, Eli's (Shea Whigham) son.

[9] Also in 2014, Rosenfield appeared in a supporting role in the crime drama A Most Violent Year, opposite Jessica Chastain and Oscar Isaac.

In January 2015, Rosenfield was cast as Woodnut in Jennifer Haley's play The Nether with the MCC Theater, which ran from February 4 to March 15, 2015 at the Lucille Lortel Theatre.

[10] Rosenfield then portrayed Dan Mercer in Hannah Fidell's relationship drama film 6 Years, starring opposite Taissa Farmiga.

[18] In 2020, Rosenfield starred opposite Cate Blanchett in the recurring role of John Schlafly, in the FX limited series Mrs. America.