[3] Berberis aristata is characterized by an erect spiny shrub, ranging between 2 and 3 m (6.6 and 9.8 ft) in height.

The bark is covered with three-branched thorns, which are modified leaves, and can be removed by hand in longitudinal strips.

There is one female reproductive structure, the gynoecium, which is 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and is composed of a short style and a broad stigma.

The plant produces bunches of succulent, acidic, edible berries that are bright red in color and have medicinal properties.

[4] The fruits of the species are eaten by people living in areas where the plant is found, often as a dessert.

[4] The root bark contains the bitter alkaloid berberine, which has been studied for its potential pharmacological properties.