Berbice Rebellion

[2] In 1763, the slave rebellion in Berbice, in present-day Guyana, was led by a Coromantin man named Cuffy or Kofi and his deputy Akra or Akara.

Indigenous soldiers (especially "Carib" and Arawak) were crucial to the Dutch effort to retake Berbice, as their scouting and harassing of rebel troops in the interior prevented the formation of Maroon communities similar to those in Suriname.

[12] The soldiers, despite aid by indigenous allies, were unable to recapture the island until the rebels were forced to leave on 8 or 9 August, likely due to lack of food.

[13] On 23 February 1763, slaves on plantation Magdalenenberg on the Canje River in Berbice rebelled, protesting harsh and inhumane treatment.

They torched the plantation house,[14] and made for the Courantyne River where Caribs and troops commanded by Governor Wigbold Crommelin [nl] of Suriname attacked, and killed them.

[15] On 27 February 1763, a revolt took place on plantation Hollandia on the Berbice River next to Lilienburg, where Coffij was an enslaved man working as a cooper.

[1] Coffij contacted van Hoogenheim and said that he regretted the attack, and started peace negotiations suggesting to split Berbice into a European and an African part.

[22][23] Two days after receiving news of the rebellion, Gedney Clarke Sr., a merchant in Barbados, dispatched five armed merchantmen carrying 50 Barbadian militiamen along with 100 marines and sailors from the 60-gun Pembroke that Admiral George Rodney had lent to Clarke and Admiral James Douglas had put into commission.

Clarke owned seven plantations in Dutch Guiana, and this force, acting without authorisation from the British Crown, was intended to protect those interests.

The appearance of Clarke's force at Demerara discouraged slaves from joining the rebellion and reassured local planters.

Around 1,800 rebels died, with 24 burned alive[27] Captain Accara was pardoned, and later served as a freedman with the marines under his former adversary Fourgeoud.

The Society of Berbice did complain about the number of executions after the uprising, however, they were worried about their reputation and the loss of valuable slaves.

[1] The Dutch newspapers devoted a lot of coverage to the uprising, they quickly lost interest after the revolt was put down.

The last publication was on the subject was on 19 September 1764 by the Leeuwarder Courant, which published a sensationalist eyewitness account of the executions.

[30] The Society of Berbice was in serious financial problems after the revolt, and asked the States of Holland (provincial government) for a loan.

[35] The reason why the Society of Suriname changed their position is unknown; however, people such as Lichtveld pointed to the Berbice slave uprising.

1763 Monument on Square of the Revolution in Georgetown, Guyana , designed by Guyanese artist Philip Moore