Under the rule of the philosophically-oriented Frederick II, Berlin gave birth to an intellectual renaissance in which it became one of the most important centers of the Enlightenment in Europe.
The city was an important printing press location, as well as the new home of many drama groups.
Central to the Berlin Enlightenment was a learned society of friends known as the Aufklärer (en-lighteners), including the publisher and bookseller Friedrich Nicolai, the poet and philosopher Karl Wilhelm Ramler, the philosopher Johann Georg Sulzer, Thomas Abbt, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, and Moses Mendelssohn.
The union of the civil enlightenment and the state of Prussia and its King bespoke their underlying national goals, and the advancement of German language and literature.
This was also hindered by Frederick II's preference for the French language.