He became a Master of Medicine in 1872 and then continued his studies at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University from where he qualified as a Veterinarian in 1873.

Bang seemed to have abandoned the idea of pursuing a career in veterinary sciences, but after professor Harald Viggo Stockfleth's death, he was encouraged by director C.E.

On 1 January 1880, he assumed a position as a teacher of surgery and leader of the ambulatory clinic.

Bang is known for his work on: Bang married Anna Elisabeth Caroline Klee (20 October 1844 - 3 November 1922), a daughter of civil servant Frederik Klee (1808–64) and Caroline F. S. M. N. Moth (1812–84), on 20 December 1874 in Sorø.

Bernhard Bangs Allé, a side street to Dalgas Boulevard, is named after him.