According to linguists, the name comes from a local hydronym Bedugnaitė and the village name written in a 15th-century Latin manuscript as Besdenayta/Besdonayta.

Most of the eldership is in Neris-Žeimena Lowland, and reaches Neris River in the west.

[2] In 1862, a railway line running from Warsaw to Saint Petersburg was built near the village of Bezdonys and a railway station was established there, and the village started to grow.

[2] There are 27 villages located within the eldership, the largest of which are[2] Bezdonys, Arvydai and Ąžuolinė.

According to the 2021 census, out of 2790 inhabitants of Bezdonys Eldership: Lithuanians - 1416 (50.75%) Poles - 1008 (36.1%) Russians - 196 (7.1%) Belarusians - 81 (2.9%)