The county has several jurisdictions, each with its own regulations and law enforcement agencies.

The Crow and Northern Cheyenne Indian Nations are administered by the tribes.

The county is home to the Big Horn, Pryor and Wolf mountain ranges.

[6] Big Horn County is generally Democratic, owing largely to its majority Native American population.

It is distinguished from most other counties in rural Montana, which often lean heavily Republican.

Coal mining and agriculture play major roles in Big Horn County's economy.

Farms and ranches in the county produce mainly beef cattle, sugar beets, alfalfa, and small grains.