Bilinarra language

Bilinarra is considered a dialect of Ngarinyman, though it shares more vocabulary with Gurindji.

[3] By 2013, only one person was alive who spoke it as their primary language though it inflects the variety of Kriol spoken by Bilinarra children.

[2] Bilinarra is native to the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory of Australia.

[2] The name of the language most likely refers to the surrounding country, as bili means 'rock' or 'hill', followed by an unknown suffix.

The long version of each vowel is present in the language but occurs rarely.

The complete structure of the nominal word can be defined as follows: There exists derivational suffixation such as the nominalizer, -waji, which transforms a verb, in this case, into a noun:[12] Jindaguonegirri-ngguwoman-ERGyuwa-niput-PSTjunggard-ngarnasmoke-ASSOCrurr-waji-lasit-NMLZ-LOCJindagu girri-nggu yuwa-ni junggard-ngarna rurr-waji-laone woman-ERG put-PST smoke-ASSOC sit-NMLZ-LOC'One woman put the packet of cigarettes on the chair.

As an example, consider the use of -gujarra, which means dual: Nyila=ma=rnathat=TOP=1MIN.Sjayi-nyagive-PSTjagarr-ngarna-gujarracover-ASSOC-DUNyila=ma=rna jayi-nya jagarr-ngarna-gujarrathat=TOP=1MIN.S give-PST cover-ASSOC-DU'I gave him two blankets.

For example: Rurr-waji-lasit-NMLZ-LOCRurr-waji-lasit-NMLZ-LOC"On the chair"[12]combines both the nominalizer -waji and -la indicating locationClitics in Bilinarra generally have a semantic or discourse function in creation of a word.

For example, =ma, TOPic, and =barla/warla, FOCus:[16] Wanyji-ga=warla=nwhich-LOC=FOC=2MIN.Sba-nihit-PSTnyilathatgirrawa?goannaWanyji-ga=warla=n ba-ni nyila girrawa?which-LOC=FOC=2MIN.S hit-PST that goanna'Where did you kill that goanna?

'The ergative case suffix marks the subject of a transitive sentence.

A variety of ergative suffixes exist for attachment to different words.

Below the first simple transitive sentence uses VOS word order and the second uses SVO structure and in both examples subsect refers to a group of kinship (Nanagu is a female subsection):[22] Mirlij-garraskin-CONTba-nihit-PSTdurlwanbarkNanagu-luSUBSECT-ERGMirlij-garra ba-ni durlwan Nanagu-luskin-CONT hit-PST bark SUBSECT-ERG'Nanagu chopped the bark off the tree.