Ferguson was born in Silver Spring, Maryland and graduated from Georgetown Preparatory School and Davidson College with a double major in political science and economics in 2005.

[3][4] Ferguson served as a community liaison on educational issues for Sheila Dixon, the president of the Baltimore City Council, from 2005 to 2006.

[4] He graduated magna cum laude from the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law with a Juris Doctor in 2010.

[13] In June 2024, Ferguson joined CI Renewables, a Baltimore-based solar energy firm, as the company's general counsel.

[30][31] During the 2018 legislative session, Ferguson introduced legislation that would establish a Commission to Restore Trust in Policing to investigate the Baltimore Police Department's Gun Trace Task Force, whose members' abuse of power over several years resulted in federal convictions of eight of the unit's nine officers on racketeering charges related to a robbery and extortion scheme.

[35] In February 2021, Ferguson said that he would support repealing and replacing the state's Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights.

[38][39] In October 2021, Ferguson spoke out against Governor Hogan's proposal to increase funding for local law enforcement, saying in a statement that "divisive rhetoric does not make us safer" and that "improving public safety isn't about just writing a bigger check", but said that lawmakers "support investments that enhance trust and safety".

[43] Following a compromise made between city politicians and venues on The Block, the bill was amended to require clubs to hire off-duty Baltimore police officers to patrol the nightlife district three nights a week and implement new security rules.

[46] In December 2024, a spokesperson for Ferguson told The Baltimore Sun that he supported proposals to replace the party central committee appointment process used to fill vacancies in the Maryland General Assembly with special elections.

[47] In 2020, Ferguson stated that he would be opposed to an across-the-board increase in taxes to pay for the Blueprint for Maryland's Future, a sweeping education reform bill.

[52] In May 2022, Ferguson rejected calls for an extension to Maryland's fuel tax holiday, claiming it would have "long-term consequences" for critical infrastructure in the state.

[59] Following the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse in March 2024, Ferguson introduced an emergency bill to provide income replacement for workers impacted by the disaster.