It is within the drainage basin of the South Fork John Day River.
[1][3] Much of the Black Canyon Wilderness consists of a dry sagebrush environment, but ponderosa pine, mountain mahogany, juniper, and fir forests can also be explored.
A wide range of vegetative conditions in the wilderness provide habitat for nearly 300 different species of wildlife, including black bear, cougar, deer, elk, and rattlesnake.
Wildflowers such as crimson columbine, lupine, and Indian paintbrush flourish throughout the wilderness.
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