This chapter chronicles genocidal violence committed by Christians, Muslims, and Buddhists in Southeast Asia from 1590 to 1800, along with illustrations of the major themes of the book related to those events.

Also discussed are how those policies were based on race, land, and ideology, as exemplified by men such as Henry Sidney and Edmund Tremayne, and events during the Tudor conquest of Ireland.

In 1578 Queen Elizabeth I authorized Sir Humphrey Gilbert (of the Irish conquest) to find "heathen and barbarous lands" not possessed by Christians and to occupy them forever.

The chapter closes with documentation of 18th century genocidal massacres (with discussion of the influence of the writings of John Locke), including encounters with the Shawnee and attacks by the Paxton Boys.

In his introduction to the third section of the book, Kiernan summarizes the history of genocide before the 20th century, and identifies factors that will change the nature genocide in the new century, such as large-scale production of arms, weaponry of mass destruction, rapid communications, civilian military enlistments, larger populations (that increase the need for land and the number of potential victims), and new race ideologies to justify classifying groups of people as expendable.

The technical foundation included the attempted total extermination of the Jewish victims of the Nazi Holocaust by the industrial murder of millions, and the use of an advanced economy and heavily armed state to invade most of Europe.

Kieran chronicles events of the Meiji era, which extended from 1868 to 1912, and its glorification of agriculture, the peasantry, and antiquity, and the call for a restoration of imperial rule.