Bogdan Kistyakovski

He was arrested in connection to nationalist groups in 1892, and when he was released in 1895, Kistiakivskyi decided to continue his studies abroad.

In 1898, he defended a philosophy doctoral dissertation entitled 'On Society and the Individual', which was published in Berlin the following year and received acclaim from German thinkers.

Kistiakivskyi married Maria Kistiakivska (née Berenshtam) (Ukrainian: Марiя Вільямівна Беренштам-Кістяківська), who taught at workers' schools in St. Petersburg with Nadezhda Krupskaya.

His writings were influenced by leading German thinkers, notably neo-Kantian philosophers and Georg Jellinek.

In 1902, he contributed an article to the Problems of Idealism (Problemy Idealizma) (Russian: Проблемы идеализма) on the revival of natural law doctrine.

[4] In 1905, Kistiakivskyi published an article in the first issue of the literary-social journal Voprosy zhizni, which was edited by Nikolai Losskii.