The Bohemian Palatinate (Czech: Česká Falc) or Bohemian Upper Palatinate (German: Böhmische Oberpfalz), since the 19th century also called New Bohemia (Czech: Nové Čechy, German: Neuböhmen), is a historical area in the northeast of present-day Bavaria (Germany), which from 1353 onwards was incorporated into the Crown of Bohemia by Emperor Charles IV.

In 1322, Emperor Louis IV had pawned the Egerland region to King John of Bohemia of the House of Luxembourg.

John's son, Charles IV, who also succeeded Louis as Emperor, rivalled with the houses of Habsburg and Wittelsbach and aimed to expand his hereditary lands to win influence over the Imperial Princes.

Charles obtained the approval of the Prince-electors to affiliate the Imperial City of Eger (Cheb) with the Kingdom of Bohemia.

The Emperor intensively supported the area through tax reliefs for craftsmen and traders, as well as other privileges for settlements and markets.