Boiling-point elevation

This shifts the equilibrium between phases to a higher temperature, elevating the boiling point.

The extent of boiling-point elevation can be calculated by applying Clausius–Clapeyron relation and Raoult's law together with the assumption of the non-volatility of the solute.

Equation after including the van 't Hoff factor The above formula reduces precision at high concentrations, due to nonideality of the solution.

Values of the ebullioscopic constants Kb for selected solvents:[4] Together with the formula above, the boiling-point elevation can be used to measure the degree of dissociation or the molar mass of the solute.

However, superheating is a factor that can affect the precision of the measurement and would be challenging to avoid because of the decrease in molecular mobility.

Therefore, ΔTb would be hard to measure precisely even though superheating can be partially overcome by the invention of the Beckmann thermometer.