[1] Frank Boland was convinced that a traditional tail rudder and ailerons/wing warping was unnecessary to provide lateral control for an airplane.

A quote from the same article describes the condition of his aircraft: "No attempt has been made to refine the machine, to have nicely finished woodwork, or neat sockets and turnbuckles.The cloth is rusty from the weather and has been on for about a year, part of the time no shed being provided for the machine at all—he just leaves it out like a lazy farmer would his plow.

Out under the elevator hang four sash weights which some time in the past aided the housewife to raise her kitchen window.

The jibs are triangular in shape with a balancing portion, and are pivoted at the points A and B as shown in this sketch, the wire C from the wheel going to the lower corner.

When the wheel is turned, the lower corner of the jib is pulled in, thus presenting an obliquely inclined surface, offering resistance on that side.