[3] Bolbosoma species consist of a proboscis covered in hooks and a long trunk.

[5] Found in the South American fur seal, (Arctocephalus australis).

[2] The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host.

This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing.

The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats.