In October 1683, France annexed some territory in the Spanish Netherlands, starting the War of the Reunions.

When Spain sent reinforcements via the port of Genoa, the French decided to punish the city.

Without a formal declaration of war, a French fleet, commanded by Abraham Duquesne, bombarded the city of Genoa between May 18 and May 28, 1684.

The bombardment was terrible for the city and its people because it was the first time in history in which explosive bombs were used, although of stone or iron.

[1] In 1682, François Pidou de Saint Olon had become the first French resident envoy to the Republic of Genoa,[2] and he was actively involved in the bombardment: indeed he communicated precious information to the French about the defence of Genoa and the position of the batteries of guns, being practically a spy.