Bonseki

Small stones are used to represent mountains, shore lines or rocky islands that waves break upon.

Miniature structures, usually of painted copper, are sometimes added to the work to make houses, temples, bridges, and the like.

It is also believed that a number of gardens in Kyoto were planned and designed with the use of Bonseki as a type of temporary blueprint.

With the restoration of Imperial rule, Bonseki declined sharply as more emphasis was placed on modernity and Western culture.

In recent times, Bonseki has seen some revival as new groups continue to improve upon the Hosokawa techniques, while preserving its traditional elegance.