A way to tackle the issue for a Software distributions is to reduce the size of the binaries used to bootstrap the distribution until there are not needed anymore or that the size is small enough to be easily reviewed by humans.
Sometimes this also require to maintain older compiler versions and to backport support for newer CPU architectures on older compilers versions to be able to bootstrap these architectures.
[5] This process can also be replaced or combined with other ways to bootstrap compilers.
These techniques can be used to reduce the size of the binaries used to bootstrap a distribution.
[3] In 2022, Guix gained the ability to be built from the aforementioned 357 bytes binary.