During World War II, Bosnian Muslims established numerous self-defense units.
Organizers of individual groups were Muhamed Hadžiefendić, Avdaga Hasić, Hasan Gondžić, Nešad Topčić, Džemal Tanović, Omer Čengić, Avdo Ferizbegović, Ismet Bektašević, Edhem Efendić, Zulfo Dumanjić, and Ibrahim Pjanić.
[1] These units are commonly known as Muslim militias,[2] Bosnian: muslimanske milicije.
[3] Hoare describes them as "Muslim quisling armed formations".
During the Bosnian War, Bosniak paramilitary forces supported an independent Bosnia and Herzegovina and either had a patriotic/nationalistic or islamist ideological undertone.