[3] The diagnosis of the disease is complex since there are multiple possible causes and cattle are reluctant to display any indications of pain.
[2] It is not known whether the stress itself, co-mingling, or travel conditions are at most to blame, and while studies have identified general stressing factors like transport and cold weather conditions, there is still no conclusive evidence on more specific factors (e.g. distance, transport mode, temperature, or temperature volatility).
Studies show that they years with the highest risks for BRD were associated with severe weather environments, rather than average conditions.
[13] The Virginia Cooperative Extension recommends the following antibiotics:[10] Aside from the strict use of drugs, there are other natural ways to help calves recuperate.
Ensuring that they are fed good quality feedstuffs consisting of materials like grass to coax them into consuming the most amount of nutrients possible.
[10] Additionally, they should refrain from staying in an area of poor ventilation with fluctuating temperatures to ensure that the infection does not grow worse.