They reflect neuronal activity in the auditory nerve, cochlear nucleus, superior olive, and inferior colliculus of the brainstem.
They typically have a response latency of no more than six milliseconds with an amplitude of approximately one microvolt.
Due to their small amplitude, 500 or more repetitions of the auditory stimulus are required in order to average out the random background electrical activity.
Long and Allen[1] were the first to report the abnormal BAEPs in an alcoholic woman who recovered from acquired central hypoventilation syndrome.
These investigators hypothesized that their patient's brainstem was poisoned, but not destroyed, by her chronic alcoholism.