[22] The land that is now known as Branchburg Township was originally inhabited by the Raritans, a tribe of the Lenni Lenape Native Americans.

The residents of the part of Bridgewater west of the Raritan River petitioned the New Jersey Legislature for incorporation as a separate township, which was granted by an act dated April 5, 1845.

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Burnt Mill, Centerville, Fox Hollow, Neshanic, Neshanic Station (ZIP Code 08853) and North Branch (ZIP Code 08876), North Branch Depot and Woodfern.

The 2010 United States census counted 14,459 people, 5,271 households, and 4,032 families in the township.

[42] Branchburg is home to the 2012 14U Babe Ruth World Series Championship baseball team, the first from the state since 1989.

[3][46][47][48][49][50] In January 2020, the Township Committee chose David Owens from a list of three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the vacant seat expiring in December 2022 that had been held by Robert Petrelli until he resigned immediately after his new three-year term started.

[51] In July 2015, Patricia Rees resigned from office, citing her employment by the nonpartisan New Jersey School Board Association.

[54][55][56] For the 119th United States Congress, New Jersey's 7th congressional district is represented by Thomas Kean Jr. (R, Westfield).

[58] For the 2024-2025 session, the 16th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Andrew Zwicker (D, South Brunswick) and in the General Assembly by Mitchelle Drulis (D, East Amwell Township) and Roy Freiman (D, Hillsborough Township).

[76] Among the township's 2010 Census population, 69.0% (vs. 60.4% in Somerset County) were registered to vote, including 93.2% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 80.4% countywide).

The Branchburg Police Department, under the direction of Chief David Young, was established on June 16, 1980.

The Department currently has 26 full-time sworn officers, two civilian employees, seven crossing guards, and 13 Emergency Management volunteers.

The Department has specialized units of officers who have taken on duties in addition to their patrol or detective work.

These include the Detective Bureau, Juvenile Officer, School Resources, Traffic Safety, Community Policing, Services, Bike Patrol, First-Aid, Explorers program and Emergency Management.

[88] Officers arrested Lloyd Woodson, and found in his possession and in his motel room a large weapons cache that included illegal weapons and ammunition, a detailed map of Fort Drum, and a traditional red-and-white Middle Eastern headdress.

The school serves 245 students, ranging in age from 5 to 21 years old, from central and northern New Jersey.

[110] Branchburg Township is the home of the main campus of Raritan Valley Community College.

[112] Branchburg Township is centrally located with access to major roadways and highways.

NJ Transit train service between Branchburg and New York City is available on the Raritan Valley Line at the North Branch station (located on Station Road), which offers limited daily service and no weekend trains.

[115] Trans-Bridge Lines offers bus service between New Hope, Pennsylvania, and New York City, with a stop at the Municipal Park-and-Ride facility on Route 202 North on a daily basis, with westbound service on the Doylestown route to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and eastbound to Newark Liberty International Airport and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan.

[116] Transport of New Jersey bus service between New York City and Allentown, Pennsylvania, is available on a daily basis.

[citation needed] Newark Liberty International Airport is located approximately 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Branchburg.

[119] The Neshanic Station Historic District was added to the NRHP in 2016 for its significance in community development.

It includes the Neshanic Station Lenticular Truss Bridge crossing the South Branch Raritan River.