The team has won the South American Youth Championship a record twelve times and is the second most successful nation in the FIFA U-20 World Cup, having won the competition five times.

Notable players that came through the ranks and went on to play for the senior team include Ronaldinho, Kaká, Rivaldo, Romário, Marcos, Roberto Carlos, César Sampaio, Cláudio Taffarel, Bebeto, Dida, Neymar, Dani Alves, Maicon, Adriano, Júlio Baptista, Luisão, Alex, Giovane Élber, Leonardo, Müller, Silas, Marcelo, David Luiz, Willian, Jô and Lucas Moura, among others.

The following 23 players are called up for the 2025 South American U-20 Championship.

Caps and goals updated as of 12 June 2023, after the match against  Israel.

The following table shows Brazil's head-to-head record in the FIFA U-20 World Cup.