Brownsville is an unincorporated community in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States.

The community was named for U.S. Army officer Jacob Brown, who was killed in the Siege of Fort Texas the same year.

By 1860, the town's population had grown to 2,000 residents, and it had a courthouse, a hotel, a newspaper, and several churches and businesses.

During the American Civil War, a battle and multiple smaller skirmishes were fought at Brownsville, and soldiers from both sides plundered resources from the town.

After the war, the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad bypassed the town to the south, and Prairie County moved its seat to DeValls Bluff in 1868.