[1][3] It is most likely that the explosion was caused by firedamp, a common hazard in coal mines when a pocket of methane gas is accidentally ignited and explodes.

[4] "Joseph Scott, the Blackball Mine Manager.., believed that the majority (of miners) were killed by the explosion and "not more than half a dozen by the afterdamp".

Dr. James McBrearty's description of many victims frothing at the mouth, suggests asphyxiation by the predominant afterdamp gas, being carbon dioxide.

Wood explains this: "The response of the West Coast miners in volunteering for the rescue parties was due to their occupational loyalties and social and kinship ties.

Four commissioners were appointed: district court judge Charles Ward, geologist Sir James Hector, colliery manager Joseph Proud, and coal miner Thomas Skellon.