In India, Burushaski is spoken in Botraj Mohalla of the Hari Parbat region in Srinagar.

[9] Attempts have been made to establish links between Burushaski and several different language families, although none has been accepted by a majority of linguists.

In particular, almost all Burushaski agricultural vocabulary appears to be borrowed from Dardic, Tibeto-Burman, and North Caucasian languages.

[20] Following Berger (1956), the American Heritage dictionaries suggested that the word *abel 'apple', the only name for a fruit (tree) reconstructed for Proto-Indo-European, may have been borrowed from a language ancestral to Burushaski.

Kashmiri linguist Sadaf Munshi stated that Burushaski may have developed alongside the Dravidian languages before the Indo-Aryan migration to South Asia, mentioning the fact that both possess retroflex sounds.

[23] In India, Jammu & Kashmir Burushaski (JKB) "has developed divergent linguistic features which make it systematically different from the varieties spoken in Pakistan.

[24] The Srinagar variety of Burushaski has been known as low toned and is spoken a Kashmiri way of speaking the language.

Berger (1998) finds the following consonants to be phonemic, shown below in the IPA and in his romanization scheme: Notes: Burushaski is predominantly a spoken rather than a written language.

One of the earliest examples of modern Burushaski literature was the poetry written by Prof. Allamah Nasiruddin Nasir Hunzai in the 1940s.

This led him to undertake the task of devising a standardised Urdu-derived alphabet geared specifically to the accurate transcription of the Burushaski language.

To this end, he went on to create the new consonants ݼ [tsʰ], څ [ʈʂ], ڎ [ts], ݽ [ʂ], ڞ [ʈʂʰ], and ݣ [ŋ].

[28][29] Furthermore, innovative writers of Burushaski began to use superscript Urdu numbers to indicate different stress patterns, tones and vowel-lengths.

For example, in Burushaski, the letter ـو (waw) represents a long vowel with a falling tone, "óo".

[4] Parallel to this, a Latin-derived orthography was created by Hermann Berger - a system which has found favour among many researchers and linguists.

[30] This dictionary uses primarily the Urdu-derived alphabet, while employing Berger's Latin alphabet-derived orthography in a supplementary capacity.

[31] There is a very voluminous Buddhist tantra of the 'Ancient' (rNying ma) school of Tibetan Buddhism, preserved in Tibetan as the mDo dgongs 'dus,[32] which has been the subject of numerous Tibetological publications, including a recent monograph by Jacob P. Dalton, The Gathering of Intentions,[33] which is supposed to be translated from the Burushaski (bru zha'i skad).

If at least part of this text had actually been translated from Burushaski, it would make it one of the major monuments of an apparently lost literature.

[4][34][35] In addition, linguists working on Burushaski use various makeshift transcriptions based on the Latin alphabet, most commonly that by Berger (see below), in their publications.

جامِعه گمَنا بݵیَم؟ تِک نُمݳ سݵن تِل اَکول شُکرݸ مَنِݽ یا خدا!‎ Burushaski is a double-marking language and word order is generally subject–object–verb.

Objects made of particular materials can belong to either the x- or the y- class: stone and wood are in the x-class, but metal and leather in the y-class.

The infixes, and their basic meanings, are as follows: From these, the following secondary or compound cases are formed: The regular endings /-ul-e/ and /-ul-ar/ are archaic and are now replaced by /-ul-o/ and /-ar-ulo/ respectively.

Nouns indicating parts of the body and kinship terms are accompanied by an obligatory pronominal prefix.

Many sound changes can take place, including assimilation, deletion and accent shift, which are unique for almost every verb.

A simplified overview of the forms of the affixes is given in the following table: For example, the construction of the preterite of the transitive verb phus 'to tie', with prefixes and suffixes separated by hyphens, is as follows : The personal affixes are also used when the noun occupies the role of the subject or the object, e.g. hir i-ír-i-mi 'the man died'.

For example: A number of verbs – mostly according to their root form – are found with the d-prefix in position 2, which occurs before a consonant according to vowel harmony.

Examples: A master's thesis research work of a native speaker of Burushaski on Middle Voice Construction in the Hunza Dialect claims that the [dd-] verbal prefix is an overt morphological middle marker for MV constructions, while the [n-] verbal prefix is a morphological marker for passive voice.

The middle marker (MM) means the grammatical device used to "indicate that the two semantic roles of Initiator and Endpoint refer to a single holistic entity" (Kemmer 1993: 47).