Bubble sensor

They play a vital role in many fields, including medical technology, process control, pharmaceuticals, and the petroleum industry.

A second method involves pulse-echo, sound waves are transmitted to the fluid, reflected and received by the same transmitter that sent it.

[1] Due to their ease of fabrication and minimization capability, Capacitive sensors have found uses in a number of industries and can be efficiently designed on a printed circuit board.

Liquids have a higher dielectric constant than gas; when an air bubble is in a fluid-filled tube the capacitance is reduced and the output voltage rises.

When a bubble equal to or greater than the threshold is detected an audio and visual alarm is generated and the arterial pump is stopped, this effectively terminates the cardiopulmonary bypass.

Bubble sensor for Extracorporeal Blood Circuits