Bubble (physics)

[1] Due to the Marangoni effect, bubbles may remain intact when they reach the surface of the immersive substance.

[2] The violent collapse of bubbles (cavitation) near solid surfaces and the resulting impinging jet constitute the mechanism used in ultrasonic cleaning.

Bubbles are used by chemical and metallurgic engineer in processes such as distillation, absorption, flotation and spray drying.

The complex processes involved often require consideration for mass and heat transfer and are modeled using fluid dynamics.

[3] The star-nosed mole and the American water shrew can smell underwater by rapidly breathing through their nostrils and creating a bubble.

The corresponding equation for small bubbles of surface tension σ (and negligible liquid viscosity) is[8] Excited bubbles trapped underwater are the major source of liquid sounds, such as inside our knuckles during knuckle cracking,[9] and when a rain droplet impacts a surface of water.

This can occur as a result of decompression after hyperbaric exposure, a lung overexpansion injury, during intravenous fluid administration, or during surgery.