Buellia lichexanthonica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Caliciaceae.

Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2017 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres.

The type specimen was collected by the authors near the Poço Azul (Riachão, Maranhão), at an altitude of about 450 m (1,480 ft); here, in Cerrado, it was found growing on sandstone.

The lichen has a thin (0.1–0.2 mm), dull yellow thallus covered with xanthone crystals.

The specific epithet lichexanthonica refers to the presence of 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone, a lichexanthone derivative that is found in the cortex of the thallus.