Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Sa Kaeo, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khon Kaen, Maha Sarakham, and Surin.

The study of archaeologists has found evidence of human habitation since prehistoric times in Dvaravati period in Buriram including cultural evidence from the ancient Khmer Empire, which has both a brick castle and more than 60 stone castles, and have found important archaeological sites, including kilns, pottery and pottery, earthenware called Khmer wares, which determines the age around the 15th-18th.

About a thousand years ago, the area that makes up today's Buriram Province was under the Khmer Empire and many ruins remain from that time.

In some areas like Phutthaisong District, there is the Bang Fai traditional rocket dance, Khao Phansa, at the beginning of Buddhist Lent and Loi Krathong.

The Isan language is spoken by most, but according to the most recent census 27.6% of the population also speak Northern Khmer in everyday life.

The provincial seal depicts Phanom Rung temple, a Khmer-style Hindu shrine dedicated to Shiva.

As of 26 November 2019 there are:[8] one Buriram Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 62 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province.

The non-municipal areas are administered by 146 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).

Two airlines, Nok Air and Thai AirAsia, serve Buriram from Don Mueang International Airport (DMK).

[citation needed] Buriram United play home games at Chang Arena, the largest club-owned football stadium in Thailand.