[5] Caio made his professional debut on 30 November 2016, starting in a 6–0 Copa del Rey away routing of CD Guijuelo.

In January 2020, he joined Grêmio also on loan, making only five appearances for the side before the stoppage of football in Brazil due to concerns over the COVID-19 pandemic.

[8] On 15 January 2021, he provided a right-footed assist to his captain Wissam Ben Yedder who scored a header at Montpellier Hérault SC.

In January 2021 he gained Spanish citizenship after years of residency while at Atlético Madrid, and expressed interest in representing the Spain national team.

[16] In August 2023, he received his first call-up to the Brazil senior national team by interim head coach Fernando Diniz, for two 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Bolivia and Peru.