[5] In Windows 3.0, a scientific mode was added, which included exponents and roots, logarithms, factorial-based functions, trigonometry (supports radian, degree and gradians angles), base conversions (2, 8, 10, 16), logic operations, statistical functions such as single variable statistics and linear regression.

Until Windows 95, it uses an IEEE 754-1985 double-precision floating-point, and the highest representable number by the calculator is 21024, which is slightly above 10308 (≈1.80 × 10308).

In Windows 7, separate programmer, statistics, unit conversion, date calculation, and worksheets modes were added.

In scientific mode, order of operations is followed while doing calculations (multiplication and division are done before addition and subtraction), which means 6 * 4 + 12 / 4 - 4 * 5 = 7.

In programmer mode, inputting a number in decimal has a lower and upper limit, depending on the data type, and must always be an integer.

Pre-defined templates include calculating a car's fuel economy (mpg and L/100 km),[8] a vehicle lease, and a mortgage.

Both calculators provide the features of the traditional calculator included with Windows 7 and Windows 8.x, such as unit conversions for volume, length, weight, temperature, energy, area, speed, time, power, data, pressure and angle, and the history list which the user can clear.

This registration is similar to that performed by any other well-behaved application when it registers itself as a handler for a filetype (e.g. .jpg) or protocol (e.g. http:).

All Windows 10 editions (both LTSC and non-LTSC) continue to have a calc.exe, which however is just a stub that launches (via ShellExecute) the handler that is associated with the 'calculator:' pseudo-protocol.

[10] On 6 March 2019, Microsoft released the source code for Calculator on GitHub under the MIT License.

In this mode, the on-screen numeric keypad includes the hexadecimal digits A through F, which are active when "Hex" is selected.

[12] Calculator in programmer mode cannot accept or display a number larger than a signed QWORD (16 hexadecimal digits/64 bits).