Nearby settlements are Hardwick and Toft to the east, Bourn to the west, Childerley to the north and Kingston to the south.

The older part of the village lies to the south, just off the B1046 road and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.

[2] Its origins have been speculated to have been as a hamlet of neighbouring Bourn, of which it was part of the same parish of in the 12th century.

Bourn Brook and the route of the former Oxford and Cambridge Railway run to the south of the village.

The development in Highfields led to a rapid increase in the population of Caldecote from an estimated 800 in 2001 to 1,737 in 2011.