Callimachus /kəˈlɪməkəs/ (Greek: Καλλίμαχος Kallímakhos) was the Athenian polemarch at the Battle of Marathon, which took place during 490 BC.

Miltiades convinced Callimachus to vote in favour of a battle when the strategoi were split evenly on the matter.

Greek and Roman Parallel Stories mentions that Callimachus was pierced with so many spears that, even when he was dead, he continued to be in an upright posture.

[4] There was a custom at Athens that the father of the man who had the most valorous death in a battle should pronounce the funerary oration in public.

According to some sources, before the battle, Callimachus promised that if the Greeks won, he would sacrifice to Artemis Agrotera as many goats as the number of Persians killed at the battlefield.