Caloplaca tephromelae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.

[1] Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2021 by Gintaras Kantvilas, Ave Suija, and Jurga Motiejūnaitė.

The type specimen was collected from the northern rim of Callitris Gully (Wind Song Property, Tasmania); here it was found growing on the thallus of the lichen Tephromela atra, which itself was growing on dolerite outcrops.

It appears as whitish areolate sections, outlined by a dark band of prothallus, growing within the thallus of its host lichen.

The specific epithet tephromelae refers to the genus of the host.