Calvo Doctrine

[1] The Calvo Doctrine thus proposed to prohibit diplomatic protection or (armed) intervention before local resources were exhausted.

The principle, named after Carlos Calvo, an Argentine jurist, has been applied throughout Latin America and other areas of the world.

[2] The doctrine arose from Calvo's ideas, expressed in his Derecho internacional teórico y práctico de Europa y América (Paris, 1868; greatly expanded in subsequent editions, which were published in French).

It has since been incorporated as a part of several Latin American constitutions, as well as many other treaties, statutes, and contracts.

The doctrine is used chiefly in concession contracts, the clause attempting to give local courts final jurisdiction and to obviate any appeal to diplomatic intervention.