Formed in 1923, the club competes in the second tier of the English rugby union system, the RFU Championship, following promotion from National League 1 in 2022–23.

The club plays its home matches at the 2.200 capacity Grantchester Road ground, in the suburb of Newnham, approximately two kilometres south-west of the city centre.

At junior level the club runs one of the oldest mini and youth rugby sections in the country, starting back in the early 1970s, with a colts team for under-18s.

Cambridge RUFC joined the newly formed league structure in 1988 and by 1991 was playing in London 3 North East.

In the club's first season in London 1, they achieved 4th place, plus a run to the semi-final of the NPI Cup, falling just one match from Twickenham, after defeat away at Hull by 21–17.

The Cambridge squad for the 2023–24 season is:[2] Note: Flags indicate national union under World Rugby eligibility rules.