Camille Arambourg ( February 3, 1885– November 19, 1969) was a French vertebrate paleontologist.

He conducted extensive field work in North Africa.

In the 1950s he argued against the prevailing model of Neanderthals as brutish and simian.

After that he was a professor of Geology at the Institut Agricole d'Alger, and after that a professor of Paleontology at Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, where he succeeded his teacher Marcellin Boule.

[3] The fish Enteromius arambourgi is named in his honor.