[1] Estimates of the date and magnitude of the eruption(s), and the amount of ejected material have varied considerably during several centuries the site has been studied.

The Fields sit upon a Pliocene – Quaternary Extensional domain with faults, that run North-East to South-West and North-West to South-East from the margin of the Apennine thrust belt.

[15] The structure's magma chamber remains active as there apparently are solfataras, hot springs, gas emissions and frequent episodes of large-scale up- and downlift ground deformation (Bradyseism) do occur.

The yellow tuff stone was extensively quarried for centuries, which left large underground cavities that served as aqueducts and cisterns for the collection of rain water.

[8][24][25] The distribution of basal Plinian fallout strongly suggests that the onset of the eruption occurred in the northeastern sector of Campi Flegrei.

[27][28] A detailed attempt to reconstruct this phase through direct field measurements recognized the evolution of the Plinian column through five units of fall deposits.

The collapse of Plinian column due to an increase of the mass eruption rate produced the first ignimbrite unit, the Unconsolidated Stratified Ash Flow.

[33] Calculations of exposed and inferred thickness and area of pyroclastic density currents yield a total ignimbrite volume of 60–83 km3 (14–20 cu mi) of magma.

[6] Nonetheless, the temporal proximity of CI eruption, Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, Neanderthal disappearance, and the onset of Heinrich event 4 (HE-4) drew considerable scholarly attention.

Francesco G. Fedele and his team postulated that the volcanic winter of the CI eruption triggered HE-4, which saw the summer sea surface temperature plummeting by 3–6 °C along the Iberian margin and by 5 °C in the westernmost Mediterranean.

[40] To assess the volcanic winter using climate proxies, significant effort has been invested in directly detecting the sulfate signal of the CI eruption in polar ice cores, but these attempts have turned out to be fruitless.

[35][47] This has been rejected based on stratigraphical evidence that the cultural transition from Mousterian to Uluzzian or Proto-Aurignacian (indicating the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans in archaeology) began below the CI tephra.

[50] At many European archaeological sites, Uluzzian and Proto-Aurignacian, transitional techno-complexes between the Middle and the Upper Paleolithic, are directly capped by the CI tephra.

[51][52][53] This has been interpreted as indicating that the impact of the CI eruption led to the abrupt end of the pre-CI lithic traditions and triggered the following Early Aurignacian revolution.