Capital of Indonesia
[2] During Indonesia's struggle for independence, the Indonesian government moved the capital to Yogyakarta and then to Bukittinggi, where it remained for a short time until the restoration of control to Jakarta.
[3] In 2019, during his annual state of the union address at the parliament, President Joko Widodo announced a plan to relocate the capital to Kalimantan on the island of Borneo.
Officials say it will be a futuristic green city centered around forests and parks that utilize renewable energy sources and smart waste management.
The poor sanitation and weak water drainage system made the city unhealthy, and it was infested with malaria, cholera, and dysentery.
Batavia thereby became a city with two centres: Kota, as the hub of business, where the offices and warehouses of shipping and trading companies were located; and Weltevreden, the new home for the government, military, and shops.
On 19 September 1945, Sukarno held an Indonesian independence and anti-colonialism/imperialism speech during Rapat Akbar, or grand meeting, at Lapangan Ikada, now the Merdeka Square.
In 1957, Sukarno laid the foundation and street grid layout of Palangkaraya as a new planned capital of Central Kalimantan province.
Numbers of monumental projects were conceived, planned, and initiated during his administration, including Monumen Nasional, Istiqlal mosque, DPR/MPR Building, and Gelora Bung Karno stadium.
[22] In 1966, Jakarta was granted its official status as DKI (Daerah Khusus Ibukota) Djakarta, or the Special Capital Region.
[23] During the highly centralised New Order regime of Sukarno's successor Suharto, Jakarta was further established as the political and economic core of the nation.
Prompted by rapid development and urbanisation, Jakarta attracted large numbers of new settlers from all over the archipelago, with the majority coming from rural Javanese towns.
As groundwater was depleted, the city slowly sank lower; parts of Northern Jakarta are below sea level and regularly encounter floods.
Former president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono supported the idea to create a new political and administrative centre of Indonesia due to Jakarta's environmental and overpopulation problems.
Suggested locations include: In April 2017, the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) administration considered moving the capital from Jakarta.
According to an official from the Ministry of National Development Planning of Indonesia (Bappenas), the government was determined to move the Indonesian capital out of Java.
[39] The National Development Planning Ministry recommended the three provinces of South, Central, and East Kalimantan as they all met the requirements for a new capital, including being relatively free from earthquakes and volcanoes.
[46] On 29 September 2021, the Jokowi administration, through the State Secretary and Ministry of National Development Planning, submitted a letter containing an omnibus bill for relocation of the capital to the People's Representatives Council (DPR).
The new agency possessed ministry-like qualities due to its officeholder being appointed by the president, but with special governing capabilities which make it somewhat similar to a provincial governor.
[50] Due to the plan being submitted in the middle of Jokowi's second and final term, the People's Consultative Assembly asked for an amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia, re-establishing its authority to establish the Principles of State Policies (Indonesian: Pokok-Pokok Haluan Negara, PPHN) in order to provide security and sustainability for the project in the long term and thus ensuring its continuation after Jokowi leaves office.
