Capstan (nautical)

A capstan is a vertical-axled rotating machine developed for use on sailing ships to multiply the pulling force of sailors when hauling ropes, cables, and hawsers.

[2] In its earliest form, the capstan consisted of a timber mounted vertically through a vessel's structure which was free to rotate.

Later capstans were made entirely of iron, with gearing in the head providing a mechanical advantage when the bars were pushed counterclockwise.

Ruston, Proctor and Company at the UK 1883 Fisheries Exhibition marketed an engine, boiler, shafts and capstan designed specifically for this task.

The main anchor cable or chain would then be attached to the messenger for hauling using some temporary connection such as ropes called nippers.

Tourists turn a capstan. The tensioned portion of the rope would fasten the ship to the quay, hoist a foresail , lift a spar into position on the mast or be used to transfer cargo to or from a dock or lighter .
Diagram of Ruston Proctor Steam Capstan, 1883
Hydraulic capstan left after dockland redevelopment in London
Capstan in Belfast , Northern Ireland
Capstan on the USS Cairo